Top 9 Highest Paying URL Shortener to Earn Money Online 2019

1. Ouo.io

   Ouo.io is one of the fastest growing URL Shortener Service. Its pretty domain name is helpful in generating more clicks than other URL Shortener Services, and so you get a good opportunity for earning more money out of your shortened link. Ouo.io comes with several advanced features as well as customization options.
   With Ouo.io you can earn up to $8 per 1000 views. It also counts multiple views from same IP or person. With Ouo.io is becomes easy to earn money using its URL Shortener Service. The minimum payout is $5. Your earnings are automatically credited to your PayPal or Payoneer account on 1st or 15th of the month.
   
   • Payout for every 1000 views-$5
   • Minimum payout-$5
   • Referral commission-20%
   • Payout time-1st and 15th date of the month
   • Payout options-PayPal and Payza
   
   

2. Linkbucks

   Linkbucks is another best and one of the most popular sites for shortening URLs and earning money. It boasts of high Google Page Rank as well as very high Alexa rankings. Linkbucks is paying $0.5 to $7 per 1000 views, and it depends on country to country.
   The minimum payout is $10, and payment method is PayPal. It also provides the opportunity of referral earnings wherein you can earn 20% commission for a lifetime. Linkbucks runs advertising programs as well.
   
   • The payout for 1000 views-$3-9
   • Minimum payout-$10
   • Referral commission-20%
   • Payment options-PayPal,Payza,and Payoneer
   • Payment-on the daily basis
   
   

3. LINK.TL

   LINK.TL is one of the best and highest URL shortener website.It pays up to $16 for every 1000 views.You just have to sign up for free.You can earn by shortening your long URL into short and you can paste that URL into your website, blogs or social media networking sites, like facebook, twitter, and google plus etc.
   One of the best thing about this site is its referral system.They offer 10% referral commission.You can withdraw your amount when it reaches $5.
   
   • Payout for 1000 views-$16
   • Minimum payout-$5
   • Referral commission-10%
   • Payout methods-Paypal, Payza, and Skrill
   • Payment time-daily basis
   
   

4. Short.am

   Short.am provides a big opportunity for earning money by shortening links. It is a rapidly growing URL Shortening Service. You simply need to sign up and start shrinking links. You can share the shortened links across the web, on your webpage, Twitter, Facebook, and more. Short.am provides detailed statistics and easy-to-use API.
   It even provides add-ons and plugins so that you can monetize your WordPress site. The minimum payout is $5 before you will be paid. It pays users via PayPal or Payoneer. It has the best market payout rates, offering unparalleled revenue. Short.am also run a referral program wherein you can earn 20% extra commission for life.
   

5. Short.pe

   Short.pe is one of the most trusted sites from our top 30 highest paying URL shorteners.It pays on time.intrusting thing is that same visitor can click on your shorten link multiple times.You can earn by sign up and shorten your long URL.You just have to paste that URL to somewhere.
   You can paste it into your website, blog, or social media networking sites.They offer $5 for every 1000 views.You can also earn 20% referral commission from this site.Their minimum payout amount is only $1.You can withdraw from Paypal, Payza, and Payoneer.
   
   • The payout for 1000 views-$5
   • Minimum payout-$1
   • Referral commission-20% for lifetime
   • Payment methods-Paypal, Payza, and Payoneer
   • Payment time-on daily basis
   
   

6. Wi.cr

   Wi.cr is also one of the 30 highest paying URL sites.You can earn through shortening links.When someone will click on your link.You will be paid.They offer $7 for 1000 views.Minimum payout is $5.
   You can earn through its referral program.When someone will open the account through your link you will get 10% commission.Payment option is PayPal.
   
   • Payout for 1000 views-$7
   • Minimum payout-$5
   • Referral commission-10%
   • Payout method-Paypal
   • Payout time-daily
   
   

7. Adf.ly

   Adf.ly is the oldest and one of the most trusted URL Shortener Service for making money by shrinking your links. Adf.ly provides you an opportunity to earn up to $5 per 1000 views. However, the earnings depend upon the demographics of users who go on to click the shortened link by Adf.ly.
   It offers a very comprehensive reporting system for tracking the performance of your each shortened URL. The minimum payout is kept low, and it is $5. It pays on 10th of every month. You can receive your earnings via PayPal, Payza, or AlertPay. Adf.ly also runs a referral program wherein you can earn a flat 20% commission for each referral for a lifetime.
   

8. Clk.sh

   Clk.sh is a newly launched trusted link shortener network, it is a sister site of shrinkearn.com. I like ClkSh because it accepts multiple views from same visitors. If any one searching for Top and best url shortener service then i recommend this url shortener to our users. Clk.sh accepts advertisers and publishers from all over the world. It offers an opportunity to all its publishers to earn money and advertisers will get their targeted audience for cheapest rate. While writing ClkSh was offering up to $8 per 1000 visits and its minimum cpm rate is $1.4. Like Shrinkearn, Shorte.st url shorteners Clk.sh also offers some best features to all its users, including Good customer support, multiple views counting, decent cpm rates, good referral rate, multiple tools, quick payments etc. ClkSh offers 30% referral commission to its publishers. It uses 6 payment methods to all its users.
   • Payout for 1000 Views: Upto $8
   • Minimum Withdrawal: $5
   • Referral Commission: 30%
   • Payment Methods: PayPal, Payza, Skrill etc.
   • Payment Time: Daily
   
   

9. CPMlink

   CPMlink is one of the most legit URL shortener sites.You can sign up for free.It works like other shortener sites.You just have to shorten your link and paste that link into the internet.When someone will click on your link.
   You will get some amount of that click.It pays around $5 for every 1000 views.They offer 10% commission as the referral program.You can withdraw your amount when it reaches $5.The payment is then sent to your PayPal, Payza or Skrill account daily after requesting it.
   
   • The payout for 1000 views-$5
   • Minimum payout-$5
   • Referral commission-10%
   • Payment methods-Paypal, Payza, and Skrill
   • Payment time-daily
   
   

Upgrading My Plex Media Server (2018)

In this post I'm going to outline my Plex Media Server build that I put together recently, why I chose the things I did, and how it turned out.  First, though, I need to tell you what system I came from and what I'm upgrading from.

A long, long time ago, in a rent house in Dallas, I purchased an HP Pavilion desktop, for home computing and to edit and manage the Twisted Gamer Radio podcast that I was starting.  It didn't need to be fast, I just needed it to do one thing, and occasionally browse the internet.  I'm using this PC right now in my office, to surf the web, check Facebook, etc. and write this post.  It's not a workhorse, and occasionally has hiccups, but for the most part has been rock solid.  It stays on 24/7 and is my go to for general stuff.

Here's the specs of my current setup:
- 2.60Ghz AMD Athlon II X4 620 Processor - 2,938 PassMark CPU Rating (I'll talk about this number later)
- 8GB RAM 667Mhz Memory
- Windows 10 64-bit (It came with Windows 7, and I did the free upgrade to Win10)

Hard Drives:
- 640GB Western Digital Blue (original unit)
- 2TB Western Digital Black
- 2TB Western Digital Black
- 5TB Seagate Backup External USB Drive
- 5TB Seagate Backup+ External USB Drive

A few years after getting this PC and using it to edit the podcast, I also began to store our high-def home movies, family pictures, and my music collection that I had ripped from CD's. 

The PC has been fine for a few years, doing it's thing, but recently we have had streaming issues in the house when watching movies. Lots of buffering, lag, and stops and starts when view movies.  This is where the PassMark score I mentioned comes in.

Depending on how you store your media, Plex might need to transcode the video to a format that is viewable for the device you are watching it on.  Tablets, phones, etc. all need the Plex server to transcode the video files into a format that the phone and tablet can view.  If you do a lot of this, you need a pretty beefy CPU/GPU.  The standard is 2,000 PassMark score per 1080p transcoded stream.

If you'll remember, my PC up above is almost at 3,000.  So that's essentially one stream and nothing else.  But, with browsers being open, e-mail clients, and other tasks running on the PC, that number comes down and occasionally it can't handle the one stream. Very frustrating, but it's a really old PC. 

Time to build a new one.

I had started looking into just buying another desktop and going from there, or building a tower PC with a lot of drive bays that I could put a beefy CPU in to get what I wanted.  Easy peasy right? Well, I started to slowly learn that you can buy enterprise grade hardware for super cheap on eBay.  I used to work in a data-center, and worked with blade and rack mounted servers. Once those servers are decommissioned from use, they can be re-purposed and sold on the used market for super cheap.  Think of them like a car.  It's super expensive in the car lot, but as soon as you drive it off there, the price goes down dramatically.

I found a Reddit group that was all about Plex, and began to see people were posting their server builds and what they had used.  If you wanted to, you can put in over $2K into your own Plex server. Uh, no way. My wife would slaughter me and cut my head off with a RAM stick.  I eventually saw a build that was much more budget friendly, and included a lot of hard drive bays and was cheaper than buying PC off the shelf.

If you want to see the full parts list click on this link:  https://www.reddit.com/r/JDM_WAAAT/comments/8udj3e/plex_server_build_recommendation_entrylevel_375/

I mostly followed the build, but upgraded the processors for a little bit more money, and had to get a different motherboard because the one listed was super expensive.

Here's the specs of my current build:

















- Rosewill RSV-L4500 4U Rackmount Server with 15 drive bays and 8 Fans
- EVGA 850 Watt Power Supply

- 3 x Arctic 120mm Case Fans (fan wall) - I removed the stock fans the case comes with at the front of the hard drive enclosures.  I've seen videos of them on and they create a negative pressure being right up against the metal grate and are way loud.
- 2 x Arctic 80mm Case Fans (rear fans)
- SuperMicro X8DTE Dual Socket 1366 E-ATX Motherboard
- 2 x SuperMicro SNK-P0038P Heatsinks
- Arctic MX-4 Thermal Compound Paste
- 2 x 2.93GHz Intel X5670 6-Core Processors - 7,931 per CPU x 2 =  15,862 PassMark CPU Rating
- 24GB RAM DDR3 ECC REG
- LSI 6Gbps SAS 9201-8i Card in IT Mode
- 2 x Mini SAS to 4 SATA breakout cable (gives me 8 drives per card - motherboard has 6 onboard SATA)
- 16GB Kingston DataTraveler USB

Server OS:
- UNRAID - Headless Linux based OS run off of the USB stick

Storage:
- ICY Dock 2.5" SSD / SATA 3.5" drive bay converter - Will be used to correctly mount the SSD in one of the drive bays
- 500GB Samsung 860 EVO SSD - Will be used as a cache drive and to store the Plex Media Server database and album artwork, etc. for faster loading

The Arctic rear fans here are installed.  Now installing the RAM and motherboard.  Using three slots per CPU allows me to open up all three RAM channels.  Don't mind the Paw Patrol place mat. We're building on our kitchen table. 

Installing the CPUs, heatsinks, and 850 Watt power supply

Starting to figure out the cable/wire management for the power supply.  This is something I take pride in.  I also used to be a network cabling technician, so zipties are my friend and also fun to chew on while you work.

Another shot of the cable management. The pins for the front power/reset/USB was a pain in the ass to figure out.  I had to search online for the diagram and figure out what was needed to match the case capabilities to the motherboard capabilities.  Got it tested and everything works!

Installing the updated Arctic fan wall.  All of the fan wires are bundled and fit nicely under the wall out of the way, leaving the case looking nice and neat.

All buttoned up.  This is the core build.  I don't have the SAS card in at the moment, but once I start adding hard drives I'll need to connect the SAS breakout cables and run power to the drives from the power supply.  I might make another post about that later.















For drives, I'm going to wait and see what happens on Black Friday this year, and see if I can find a good deal on Western Digital Red 4TB drives.  They usually have those on sale at Frys or Best Buy, so I'll also see if I can find a "shuckable" hard drive (a drive inside an external drive enclosure that can be removed and used without the drive enclosure).  I've done a little calculation on my current setup and probably need 4 4TB drives.  This will give me 3 storage drives and one parity drive, with the ability to expand later.

The way Unraid works is it allows you to expand the drive array on the fly as you go.  You don't need to build the full array from the start.  It allows you to change/update the array as you need to expand your storage needs.  Very cool.  You can use it with or without a parity drive (which can be expanded to dual parity drives), a cache drive (to make writes to the array faster).

During this process Clementine was helping me with the fans and getting everything laid out on the table to put in.  I was cleaning the old thermal past off the heatsinks and putting them on the table to be put in, and I guess she nicked her finger on one of the fins.

She didn't realize she had done it and began to play and spin the rear case fans.  Now, the Arctic fans are white plastic blades, so when she did so she left a little DNA on there.  She literally put her sweat and blood into that case.  I haven't seen any droplets of blood anywhere else, and after we put a My Little Pony bandaid on it she was ready to go back to work.

That's all I got for now.   Will try and provide updates once I get more parts in (mainly the drives).

PzU Crusader WIP

Our lead modeller Donken is working on the British Crusader

Free Fire Battlegrounds With Mod APK And OBB

About Free fire battlegrounds

Free Fire - Battlegrounds is a third-individual activity amusement that is straight forwardly motivated by PUBG. Here now with Mod Apk of free fire battleground.
Where, you'll join a gathering of up to 50 players fight to the demise on a tremendous island loaded with weapons and vehicles. Just a single player will make it off of this island alive.

The controls in Free Fire - Battlegrounds are basic: on the left half of the screen you have the virtual d-cushion to control your character, while on the correct side, you'll discover the catches to shoot, hunch, set down, and hop. When you discover a weapon, box, vehicle, or an entryway, you can associate with it by tapping of a catch that shows up on the screen. In the upper right corner, you'll additionally discover your stock where you can choose the weapon you need to utilize.

The way the diversion creates in Free Fire - Battlegrounds is fundamentally the same as the previously mentioned PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds or some other fight royale-type amusement. The amusement begins with every one of the players arrival on the island by means of parachute. When they arrive, they need to set off rushing to discover weapons and survive the assaults from whatever is left of the players. Likewise, you need to keep an eye out for the power field that will continuously surround you as the amusement goes on. In the event that it contacts you, you're dead. Fortunately, you can utilize vehicles on the off chance that you stall out too a long ways behind.

You May Like :
GTA Vice City| GTA 2 SA | GTA III| GTA V | Asphalt 9 | NFS Hot Pursuit | Need For Speed No Limits |

With Mod APK of free fire battleground , you can aim your exact land location and this may be quite helpful in collecting item without loosing your time which will increase your chances of winning the game. So get the link of Mod APK below.

Free Fire Battleground MOD APK Link

Free Fire Battleground OBB Link

The principle contrast between Free Fire - Battlegrounds and other comparable amusements is that, rather than facilitating recreations of 100 players, there are just 50. What's more, the span is balanced as needs be. Rather than playing for 30 minutes, most adjusts just last around 15 minutes. Fundamentally, it's a quicker and more furious PUBG.

Free Fire - Battlegrounds is a fight royale that offers an amazingly fun and irresistible amusement encounter. The diversion likewise takes up less memory space than other comparative recreations and is considerably less requesting on your Android, so for all intents and purposes anybody can appreciate playing it.

How to Install Fire free-Battlegrounds

1. Go to settings ->Security.
2. Go to Security menu and check Unknown Sources check box first.
3. Get the Free Fire – Battlegrounds data that are mostly in obb format.
4. Before installation Turn off your internet and wifi connection.
5. Install apk but Don't open it.
6. Extract the Battlegrounds Data file by using any zip extractor.
7. Now after extracting you have a folder with obb file(s). Put this folder into the location sdcard/Android/obb/ and name this folder to com.dts.freefireth 
8. Note : Don't put the obb file without folder because you need to provide the correct path.
9. Now run your game without any errors.

OBB file Link Third Party Link

APK file Link Third Party Link

Working With The USO To Help Veterans Find Jobs

A recruiter and military spouse on Google's new veteran staffing team shares more about our initiatives for the military community.

The 10 Commandments Of Word Processing

This has to be one of the most commonly used ICT skills, even be the most tech reluctant, but unfortunately as most of us are self taught, there are quite a few aspects that have been poorly learned, are poorly practised, and are now inevitably poorly taught...

The good news is that once you know what you don't know, it's easy to fix, the chances are, no matter how long you've been word processing, you will find a few surprises in this list:

1. Thou shalt use spell check (but don't rely on spellcheck—homophones much?). 
2. Thou shalt use the built in thesaurus (and use 'Command+F' to check for repetition!).
3. Thou shalt not ignore the grammar/proof reading tool—if it's got a squiggly line under it, check it!
4. Thous shalt not centre text by tapping the spacebar, use the centre align icon on the formatting bar. 
5. Verily the same is true for tabbing, use the tab key to indent, not the spacebar (also useful for adding a new row to the bottom of a table).
6. Thou shalt not do things manually that can be done automatically; like adding page numbers, numbered lists, or creating a table of contents.
7. Thou shalt use the 'paste unformatted' or 'paste as text' option to avoid reformatting all the text you paste in. Every. Time.
8. Thou shalt use the styles menu to structure your document with headings etc (and you can't use some automatic features without this).
9. Thou shalt insert a page break if you want a new page (don't just repeatedly hammer the return key).
10. Thou shalt not hammer keyboard keys— NEVER press a space bar more than once, or a return key more than twice. 

All of the above are true regardless of the tool you use for word processing, from MS Word, to Pages, to Google Docs. The last of these is arguably the most practical in our context, so here's some specific pointers:

Google Doc formatting like a boss... 

Use the templates to get a head start, these also function is great 'mentor texts' for students to see how formatting using Styles looks and works. Instead of creating a Doc within Google Drive, click on the Google Grid and select Docs—Voilah!



Inside any Google Doc, the Styles menu allows you to format your document with a couple of clicks,  you can even customise this menu so the Styles use the fonts and formatting you prefer, these will be available in any Google Doc you create or edit.



Once you've formatted your document using Styles, you can add a Table of Contents with a couple of clicks, just go to Insert > Table of Contents. All the formatting, and page numbering all done for you, you can even choose a more screen friendly version that makes all the headers hyperlinked.

Can you show me?

Google have an online guide that will step you through all of the above, and this article has a similar guide to the skills I've outlined above, but specifically tailored to Microsoft Office, and with lots of nice pictures! The key takeaway is that these skills are conventions that apply regardless of the platform, device or application you use, from MS Word, to Pages to Google Docs, they all utilise and provide these features.

Last but not least, here are some video tutorials I made a few years ago, this is in the older version of Pages, but as is often the case with tech, not much has really changed, these fundamentals of word processing are pretty much unchanged in over two decades!

Game-based Makerspaces Blend Gameplay With The Power Of Creation

"Makerspace better than recess"

Image credit: Morningside Elementary School in Elizabethtown - Student shows a game he designed using Scratch at Makerspace Learning Lab

According to EdTech's recent article How Makerspaces in Schools Help Students Learn to Code by Eli Zimmerman, Makerspaces in schools are giving educators new options to teach students core coding concepts.

"Computer science has taken a priority slot for K–12 teachers, as experts forecast a majority of jobs will incorporate some kind of coding skills or computational thinking by as early as 2020," states Zimmerman.

One way that schools are engaging students is by introducing coding activities in Makerspaces, where students can use the creative culture to start establishing the building blocks of computational thinking.

Coding has taken the educational world by storm, especially with the introduction of mandatory computer programming curriculum across the globe. Some educators and experts are calling it the "new literacy".

Image credit: MakerKids

Traditionally, computer languages were reserved for college level students and were intensely complicated with syntax. Coding has never been more accessible to students of all ages! Thanks to block based coding languages such as Scratch, the free program from MIT, students and teachers can learn to code in a safe and easy environment. Four and five-year-olds can learn the foundations of coding and computer commands before they can even write and spell words.

A lot of coding apps use the idea of game creation as a learning basis. Beyond the practical reasons for learning how to code, there's the fact that creating a game or animation can be really fun for kids.

Coding is Part of the Maker Movement!

The maker movement has been growing steadily for more than a decade. It has been enthusiastically embraced by curious kids of all ages, and the movement has gained an increasingly strong foothold in K–12 classrooms and libraries, where it is also called maker education.

"Maker Education" is a term coined by Dale Dougherty in 2013 in his book Design, Make, Play: Growing the Next Generation of STEM Innovators (ISBN 978-0415539203). It is an approach to problem-based and project-based learning that relies upon hands-on, often collaborative, learning experiences as a method for solving authentic problems. People who participate in making often call themselves "Makers" of the "Maker Movement" and develop their projects in "Makerspaces", which emphasize prototyping and the repurposing of found objects in service of creating new inventions or innovations.

Culturally, "Makerspaces", both inside and outside of schools, are associated with collaboration and the free flow of ideas. In schools, Maker Education stresses the importance of learner-driven experience, interdisciplinary learning, peer-to-peer teaching, iteration, and the notion of "failing forward", or the idea that mistake-based learning is crucial to the learning process and eventual success of a project.

Game-based Makerspaces leverage the idea that playing games is a way to engage students, but making games can be even more absorbing.

In his article Creating Game-Based Makerspaces, Brian Mayer, a gaming and library technology specialist at the Genesee Valley (N.Y.) Educational Partnership, addresses different ways of blending games and play with the power of creation and Makerspaces. His work utilizes game design as way for students to demonstrate concept understanding and mastery throughout the design process and in the finished product. Working with classroom teachers and school librarians, he helps guide students through designing a game around the curriculum being covered in class.

"Students begin by playing games that introduce themes, mechanisms, and styles of play that can later be used as reference resources during the design process," says Brian. "Students then brainstorm game ideas and pitch them to the teaching team for thoughts and feedback. Once students have a game concept, they work in groups to develop their designs, meeting with the teaching team intermittently for feedback and direction from both a curricular, as well as a design approach. The project culminates with students playing each other's designs and providing reflections on both the process itself and the other group's designs."

The nonprofit organization Maker Ed has been a formidable facilitator for bringing maker-centered learning to students across the country, both inside and outside of schools. The group was founded in 2012 as the Maker Education Initiative by Dale Dougherty, widely known as the leader of the maker movement and the founder of Make Magazine and the popular Maker Faire events across the globe. Dougherty's company, Maker Media, is a major funder of the Maker Ed organization, as are Intel and Pixar Animation Studios.

Maker Ed, the organization, focuses on "educators and the institutions they work for" by providing training, professional development, and support for educators who want to engage their students with making activities. Maker Ed's flagship program is called Maker Corps. Maker Ed trains makers for the Corps so that they can travel to various host sites in all 50 states and bring making to kids at museums, science centers, libraries, summer camps, and other partner agencies.

PUBG Lite [ For 1 And 2 Gb Ram Android Devices ]

PUBG MOBILE LITE is here! Built with Unreal Engine 4, this version of PUBG MOBILE is compatible with even more devices and optimized for devices with less RAM without compromising the gameplay experience that has attracted millions of fans around the world. PUBG MOBILE LITE features a smaller map made for 40 players, which means a faster-paced game that still keeps the traditional PUBG style of play!

1.40 players parachute onto a graphically rich 2x2 km island for a winner-takes-all showdown. Players have to scavenge for their own weapons, vehicles, and supplies, while battling it out in an ever-shrinking play zone to be the last player standing. Get ready to land, loot, and do whatever it takes to survive.. This Is Battle Royale!

2. High-quality Graphics and HD Audio 
The powerful Unreal Engine 4 creates a jaw-dropping visual experience with stunning detail, realistic gameplay effects and a massive HD map, perfect for Battle Royale. Immerse yourself in the world as you play with high-quality audio and rich 3D sound effects.

3. Realistic Weapons

Choose from a constantly growing arsenal of lethal firearms, melee weapons, and throwables, each with realistic ballistics and travel trajectories, that give you the option to shoot, beat down, or incinerate your adversaries. Oh, and PUBG's signature pan? We've got the pan.

4. Team Up with Friends
Invite and team up with your friends to coordinate your battle plan through voice chat and set up the perfect ambush for your enemies. 

5. Fair Gaming Environment
Powerful anti-cheat mechanisms ensure a fun and fair environment for all PUBG MOBILE LITE players.

                                                                                  Not Just A Game. This Is Battle Royale.

note The game is still in beta testing and the gameplay experience may change in the final version. Your progress will be carried over to future beta tests.

If you have any questions or concerns, please contact to customer service team at PUBGMOBILElite_CS@tencentgames.com

PUBG MOBILE LITE 0.10.0 Update

2018-12-14

- Royale Pass Season 1 will end on 10 DEC 2018 (UTC). Please make sure you collect your rewards soon! Season 2 starts on 17 DEC 2018.
- Added rankings of total ratings by mode.

Other Improvements:
- Apperances of some outfits have been adjusted.
- Voice chat quality improved and data usage reduced.
- Main menu effects have been adjusted.
- Inventory effects have been adjusted.
- Added dead teammates on minimap.
- Flight routes have been optimized.
- Terrain effects have been adjusted.

                                                                    

How El País Used AI To Make Their Comments Section Less Toxic

Learn how El Pais reclaimed the comments section from trolls and toxicity using an AI powered tool called Perspective.

Android Pie À La Mode: Security & Privacy

Posted by Vikrant Nanda and René Mayrhofer, Android Security & Privacy Team

There is no better time to talk about Android dessert releases than the holidays because who doesn't love dessert? And what is one of our favorite desserts during the holiday season? Well, pie of course.

In all seriousness, pie is a great analogy because of how the various ingredients turn into multiple layers of goodness: right from the software crust on top to the hardware layer at the bottom. Read on for a summary of security and privacy features introduced in Android Pie this year.

Strengthening Android

Making Android more secure requires a combination of hardening the platform and advancing anti-exploitation techniques.

Platform hardening

With Android Pie, we updated File-Based Encryption to support external storage media (such as, expandable storage cards). We also introduced support for metadata encryption where hardware support is present. With filesystem metadata encryption, a single key present at boot time encrypts whatever content is not encrypted by file-based encryption (such as, directory layouts, file sizes, permissions, and creation/modification times).

Android Pie also introduced a BiometricPrompt API that apps can use to provide biometric authentication dialogs (such as, fingerprint prompt) on a device in a modality-agnostic fashion. This functionality creates a standardized look, feel, and placement for the dialog. This kind of standardization gives users more confidence that they're authenticating against a trusted biometric credential checker.

New protections and test cases for the Application Sandbox help ensure all non-privileged apps targeting Android Pie (and all future releases of Android) run in stronger SELinux sandboxes. By providing per-app cryptographic authentication to the sandbox, this protection improves app separation, prevents overriding safe defaults, and (most significantly) prevents apps from making their data widely accessible.

Anti-exploitation improvements

With Android Pie, we expanded our compiler-based security mitigations, which instrument runtime operations to fail safely when undefined behavior occurs.

Control Flow Integrity (CFI) is a security mechanism that disallows changes to the original control flow graph of compiled code. In Android Pie, it has been enabled by default within the media frameworks and other security-critical components, such as for Near Field Communication (NFC) and Bluetooth protocols. We also implemented support for CFI in the Android common kernel, continuing our efforts to harden the kernel in previous Android releases.

Integer Overflow Sanitization is a security technique used to mitigate memory corruption and information disclosure vulnerabilities caused by integer operations. We've expanded our use of Integer Overflow sanitizers by enabling their use in libraries where complex untrusted input is processed or where security vulnerabilities have been reported.

Continued investment in hardware-backed security

One of the highlights of Android Pie is Android Protected Confirmation, the first major mobile OS API that leverages a hardware-protected user interface (Trusted UI) to perform critical transactions completely outside the main mobile operating system. Developers can use this API to display a trusted UI prompt to the user, requesting approval via a physical protected input (such as, a button on the device). The resulting cryptographically signed statement allows the relying party to reaffirm that the user would like to complete a sensitive transaction through their app.

We also introduced support for a new Keystore type that provides stronger protection for private keys by leveraging tamper-resistant hardware with dedicated CPU, RAM, and flash memory. StrongBox Keymaster is an implementation of the Keymaster hardware abstraction layer (HAL) that resides in a hardware security module. This module is designed and required to have its own processor, secure storage, True Random Number Generator (TRNG), side-channel resistance, and tamper-resistant packaging.

Other Keystore features (as part of Keymaster 4) include Keyguard-bound keys, Secure Key Import, 3DES support, and version binding. Keyguard-bound keys enable use restriction so as to protect sensitive information. Secure Key Import facilitates secure key use while protecting key material from the application or operating system. You can read more about these features in our recent blog post as well as the accompanying release notes.

Enhancing user privacy

User privacy has been boosted with several behavior changes, such as limiting the access background apps have to the camera, microphone, and device sensors. New permission rules and permission groups have been created for phone calls, phone state, and Wi-Fi scans, as well as restrictions around information retrieved from Wi-Fi scans. We have also added associated MAC address randomization, so that a device can use a different network address when connecting to a Wi-Fi network.

On top of that, Android Pie added support for encrypting Android backups with the user's screen lock secret (that is, PIN, pattern, or password). By design, this means that an attacker would not be able to access a user's backed-up application data without specifically knowing their passcode. Auto backup for apps has been enhanced by providing developers a way to specify conditions under which their app's data is excluded from auto backup. For example, Android Pie introduces a new flag to determine whether a user's backup is client-side encrypted.

As part of a larger effort to move all web traffic away from cleartext (unencrypted HTTP) and towards being secured with TLS (HTTPS), we changed the defaults for Network Security Configuration to block all cleartext traffic. We're protecting users with TLS by default, unless you explicitly opt-in to cleartext for specific domains. Android Pie also adds built-in support for DNS over TLS, automatically upgrading DNS queries to TLS if a network's DNS server supports it. This protects information about IP addresses visited from being sniffed or intercepted on the network level.

We believe that the features described in this post advance the security and privacy posture of Android, but you don't have to take our word for it. Year after year our continued efforts are demonstrably resulting in better protection as evidenced by increasing exploit difficulty and independent mobile security ratings. Now go and enjoy some actual pie while we get back to preparing the next Android dessert release!

Acknowledgements: This post leveraged contributions from Chad Brubaker, Janis Danisevskis, Giles Hogben, Troy Kensinger, Ivan Lozano, Vishwath Mohan, Frank Salim, Sami Tolvanen, Lilian Young, and Shawn Willden.

The Cars Game 2 Game Higly Compressed

hello today we have bring a cartoon game for android that will make you fun . cars 2 is the game of enjoy. the game will run on ppsspp

                                    

                            screen shots of the game

                          
                                         

Here are the Cars 2 system requirements (minimum)

• CPU: 3.0 GHz Intel® Pentium® 4 class or AMD Athlon™ 64 3500+ or equivalent processor
• CPU SPEED: 3.0 GHz Intel® Pentium® 4 class or AMD Athlon™ 64 3500+ or equivalent processor
• RAM: 1 GB
• OS: Microsoft® Windows® 7 / XP® SP3
• VIDEO CARD: 256 MB 3D video card supporting Shaders 3.0 (NVIDIA GeForce 6600 or higher, ATI Radeon X800 or higher) Onboard (built-in) integrated chipsets are not supported.
• SOUND CARD: Yes
• FREE DISK SPACE: 3 GB uncompressed hard drive space

                                                          

after downloading the game 

download ppsspp from play store

download z archier 

then extract file in ppsspp folder  

                😉 

if you have any problem then check our youtube channel Gj the gamer

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